How it’s done
Head out with paper and pencil (or a mental sketch, drawn when you get back) to map their territory: the usual blocks, but with expedition eyes.
The child decides what deserves to go on the map — and there's the beauty of it: their map doesn't mark what Google marks, it marks what matters at eight years old. Each next walk corrects and expands it: a new legend, a boundary explored, the discovered corner that has to be added.
What it builds — the why
Spatial orientation and observation, yes — but above all the experience of representing your own world: deciding what matters, naming it, and drawing it. A child who maps their neighborhood inhabits it differently: it's theirs.
How it changes with age
3–5 Early childhood
6–9 Childhood
10–12 Preteens
What to watch for in your child
There are girls who draw streets and boys who draw stories («I fell here», «my friend lives here»). Both are mapping; don't correct the gender of the map. Notice which places they avoid or mark with fear — the map is also an emotional census of the territory.